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19-0859; Rev 0; 8/07
KIT ATION EVALU BLE AVAILA
2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector
General Description Features
o Complete RF-Detecting PA Controllers (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) o Complete RF Detector (MAX9933) o Variety of Input Ranges MAX9930/MAX9933: -58dBV to -13dBV (-45dBm to 0dBm for 50 Termination) MAX9931: -48dBV to -3dBV (-35dBm to +10dBm for 50 Termination) MAX9932: -43dBV to +2dBV (-30dBm to +15dBm for 50 Termination) o 2MHz to 1.6GHz Frequency Range o Temperature Stable Linear-in-dB Response o Fast Response: 70ns 10dB Step o 10mA Output Sourcing Capability o Low Power: 17mW at 3V (typ) o 13A (typ) Shutdown Current o Available in a Small 8-Pin MAX Package
MAX9930-MAX9933
The MAX9930-MAX9933 low-cost, low-power logarithmic amplifiers are designed to control RF power amplifiers (PA) and transimpedance amplifiers (TIA), and to detect RF power levels. These devices are designed to operate in the 2MHz to 1.6GHz frequency range. A typical dynamic range of 45dB makes this family of logarithmic amplifiers useful in a variety of wireless and GPON fiber video applications such as transmitter power measurement, and RSSI for terminal devices. Logarithmic amplifiers provide much wider measurement range and superior accuracy to controllers based on diode detectors. Excellent temperature stability is achieved over the full operating range of -40C to +85C. The choice of three different input voltage ranges eliminates the need for external attenuators, thus simplifying PA control-loop design. The logarithmic amplifier is a voltage-measuring device with a typical signal range of -58dBV to -13dBV for the MAX9930/MAX9933, -48dBV to -3dBV for the MAX9931, and -43dBV to +2dBV for the MAX9932. The MAX9930-MAX9933 require an external coupling capacitor in series with the RF input port. These devices feature a power-on delay when coming out of shutdown, holding OUT low for approximately 2.5s to ensure glitch-free controller output. The MAX9930-MAX9933 family is available in an 8-pin MAX(R) package. These devices consume 7mA with a 5V supply, and when powered down, the typical shutdown current is 13A.
Ordering Information
PART MAX9930EUA+T MAX9931EUA+T MAX9932EUA+T MAX9933EUA+T TEMP RANGE -40oC to +85oC -40oC to +85oC -40oC to +85oC -40 C to +85 C
o o
PINPACKAGE 8 MAX-8 8 MAX-8 8 MAX-8 8 MAX-8
PKG CODE U8-1 U8-1 U8-1 U8-1
Applications
RSSI for Fiber Modules, GPON-CATV Triplexors Low-Frequency RF OOK and ASK Applications Transmitter Power Measurement and Control TSI for Wireless Terminal Devices Cellular Handsets (TDMA, CDMA, GPRS, GSM)
+Denotes a lead-free package.
T = Tape and reel.
Pin Configurations
TOP VIEW
RFIN 1 SHDN 2 SET 3
+
8 VCC
RFIN 1 SHDN 2 GND 3 CLPF 4
+
8 VCC
Block Diagram located at end of data sheet.
CLPF 4
MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932
MAX
7 OUT 6 N.C. 5 GND
MAX9933
7 OUT 6 N.C. 5 GND
MAX
MAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930-MAX9933
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Voltages referenced to GND.) VCC .......................................................................... -0.3V to +6V OUT, SET, SHDN, CLPF ............................ -0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) RFIN MAX9930/MAX9933 .....................................................+6dBm MAX9931 ....................................................................+16dBm MAX9932 ....................................................................+19dBm Equivalent Voltage MAX9930/MAX9933................................................. 0.45VRMS MAX9931 ....................................................................1.4VRMS MAX9932 ....................................................................2.0VRMS OUT Short Circuit to GND ........................................ Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 8-Pin MAX (derate 4.5mW/C above +70C) .............362mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Storage Temperature Range ............................-65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................ +300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = 3V, SHDN = 1.8V, TA = -40oC to +85oC, CCLPF = 100nF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER Supply Voltage Supply Current Shutdown Supply Current Shutdown Output Voltage Logic-High Threshold Voltage Logic-Low Threshold Voltage SHDN Input Current SYMBOL VCC ICC ICC VOUT VH VL ISHDN SHDN = 3V SHDN = 0V High, ISOURCE = 10mA Low, ISINK = 350A From CLPF BW From CLPF VOUT = 0.2V to 2.6V from CLPF VSET RIN Corresponding to central 40dB span 0.35 30 16 RFIN = 0dBm RFIN = -45dBm CCLPF = 150pF VOUT = 0.36V to 1.45V, CCLPF = 150pF 1.45 0.36 4.5 5 -1 2.65 5 -0.01 2.75 0.15 8 20 8 1.45 VCC = 5.25V SHDN = 0.8V, VCC = 5V SHDN = 0.8V 1.8 0.8 30 CONDITIONS MIN 2.70 7 13 1 TYP MAX 5.25 12 UNITS V mA A mV V V A
MAIN OUTPUT (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) Voltage Range Output-Referred Noise Small-Signal Bandwidth Slew Rate SET INPUT (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) Voltage Range (Note 2) Input Resistance Slew Rate (Note 3) DETECTOR OUTPUT (MAX9933) Voltage Range Small-Signal Bandwidth Slew Rate VOUT BW V MHz V/s V M V/s VOUT V nV/Hz MHz V/s
2
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2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = 3V, SHDN = 1.8V, fRF = 2MHz to 1.6GHz, TA = -40C to +85C, CCLPF = 100nF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER RF Input Frequency Range RF Input Voltage Range (Note 4) SYMBOL fRF MAX9930/MAX9933 VRF MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9930/MAX9933 Equivalent Power Range (50 Termination) (Note 4) PRF MAX9931 MAX9932 fRF = 2MHz, TA = +25C fRF = 2MHz Logarithmic Slope VS fRF = 900MHz, TA = +25C fRF = 900MHz fRF = 1600MHz MAX9930/MAX9933 fRF = 2MHz, TA = +25C MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9930/MAX9933 fRF = 2MHz MAX9931 MAX9932 Logarithmic Intercept PX fRF = 900MHz, TA = +25C MAX9930/MAX9933 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9930/MAX9933 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9930/MAX9933 fRF = 1600MHz RF INPUT INTERFACE DC Resistance Inband Capacitance RDC CIB Connected to VCC Internally DC-coupled (Note 5) 2 0.5 k pF MAX9931 MAX9932 -61 -51 -46 -63 -53 -48 -62 -53 -49 -64 -55 -51 CONDITIONS MIN 2 -58 -48 -43 -45 -35 -30 25 24 23.5 22.5 27 27 25.5 25.5 27 -56 -46 -41 -56 -46 -41 -59 -50 -45 -59 -50 -45 -62 -52 -47 -52 -42 -37 -50 -40 -35 -53 -44 -40 -51 -42 -38 dBm TYP MAX 1600 -13 -3 +2 0 +10 +15 29 30 27.5 28.5 mV/dB dBm dBV UNITS MHz
MAX9930-MAX9933
fRF = 900MHz
Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25C and are guaranteed by design for TA = -40C to +85C as specified. Note 2: Typical value only, set-point input voltage range determined by logarithmic slope and logarithmic intercept. Note 3: Set-point slew rate is the rate at which the reference level voltage, applied to the inverting input of the gm stage, responds to a voltage step at the SET pin (see Figure 1). Note 4: Typical min/max range for detector. Note 5: Pin capacitance to ground.
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3
2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930-MAX9933
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9930 MAX9930 MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER SET vs. INPUT POWER vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz
MAX9930 toc01
1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 2MHz 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 900MHz 50MHz 1.6GHz
3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -60 -50 1.6GHz
2MHz 900MHz 50MHz
MAX9930 toc02
1.8
4
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 TA = -40C 0.6 0.4 0.2 TA = +25C TA = +85C -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10
MAX9930 toc03
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
10
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
0
10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 TA = +85C 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) -4 0.2 -60 TA = -40C TA = +25C
MAX9930 toc04
MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 SET (V) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 -50 -40 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C -30 -20 -10 0 10
MAX9930 toc05
MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 SET (V) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C
MAX9930 toc06
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
INPUT POWER (dBm)
MAX9930 LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX9930 toc07
MAX9930 LOG SLOPE vs. VCC
MAX9930 toc08
MAX9930 LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY
TA = +25C LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -62 TA = +85C -64
MAX9930 toc09
27 26 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) TA = -40C 25 24 23 22 21 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 TA = +85C TA = +25C
29 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 1.6GHz 26 25 24 23 22 900MHz 50MHz 2MHz
-60
-66 TA = -40C -68 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 0 400 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1200 1600
1800
FREQUENCY (MHz)
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9931 MAX9930 MAX9930 SET vs. INPUT POWER LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX9930 toc10
MAX9930-MAX9933
-59 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -61
2MHz
-0.1 -0.2
INPUT POWER = -22dBm fRF = 50MHz
MAX9930 toc11
1.6 1.4 SET (V) 1.6GHz
-63 -65 -67 -69 -71 2.5 3.0
50MHz 900MHz 1.6GHz
ERROR (dB)
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 900MHz 2MHz 50MHz
-0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6
0.4 0.2 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 TEMPERATURE (C) INPUT POWER (dBm)
3.5
4.0 VCC (V)
4.5
5.0
5.5
MAX9931 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER
MAX9930 toc13
MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 TA = -40C 0.6 0.4 TA = +85C 0.2 TA = +25C
MAX9930 toc14
MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) SET (V) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C
MAX9930 toc15
MAX9930 toc12
-57
0
1.8
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 1.6GHz 2MHz 900MHz 50MHz
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
20
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C
MAX9930 toc16
MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) SET (V) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 TA = +25C 0.4 0.2 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = +85C -3 -4 TA = -40C
MAX9930 toc17
MAX9931 LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY
3 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 24 23 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 FREQUENCY (MHz)
MAX9930 toc18
4
29 28 27 26 25 TA = -40C TA = +85C
TA = +25C
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5
2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930-MAX9933
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9931 MAX9931 MAX9931 LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY LOG SLOPE vs. VCC
MAX9930 toc19 MAX9930 toc20
28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 26 25 24 23 22 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 900MHz 50MHz 2MHz 1.6GHz
-50 LOG INTERCEPT (mV/dB) -52 -54 -56 -58 -60 900MHz
2MHz
LOG INTERCEPT (dBm)
-48
TA = -40C TA = +85C
50MHz
-50
-52
TA = +25C
1.6GHz
-54 5.5 0 400 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1200 1600
-62 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5
MAX9931 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX9930 toc22
MAX9932 SET vs. INPUT POWER
MAX9930 toc23
MAX9932 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER
3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 1.6GHz 50MHz 900MHz 2MHz
MAX9930 toc24
0.2 0.1 0 ERROR (dB) -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -50 -25 0
INPUT POWER = -12dBm fRF = 50MHz
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 900MHz 2MHz 50MHz 1.6GHz
4
-2 -3 -4 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20
25
50
75
100
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
TEMPERATURE (C)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C
MAX9930 toc25
MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 SET (V) 1.8 TA = +85C 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = +25C TA = -40C 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 SET (V) 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -40
MAX9930 toc26
MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz
4 1.8
MAX9930 toc27
MAX9930 toc21
29
-46
-48
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0
TA = +85C TA = +25C TA = -40C -30 -20 -10 0 10 20
-1 -2 -3 -4
INPUT POWER (dBm)
6
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2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9932 MAX9932 MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE LOG SLOPE vs. VCC LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz
1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 TA = +85C 0.6 TA = +25C 0.4 0.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40C -3 -4 -2 24 23 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 3 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1
MAX9930 toc29
MAX9930-MAX9933
28 27
28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 26 25 24 900MHz 23 22 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 1.6GHz 50MHz 2MHz
TA = +85C TA = +25C
26 25 TA = -40C
5.5
MAX9932 LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY
MAX9930 toc31
MAX9932 LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC
MAX9930 toc32
MAX9932 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE
INPUT POWER = -10dBm fRF = 50MHz
MAX9930 toc33
-40
-41 -43 50MHz LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -45 -47 900MHz -49 -51 -53 1.6GHz 2MHz
0.1 0 -0.1 ERROR (dB) -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5
LOG INTERCEPT (dBm)
-42
TA = -40C
TA = +85C -44 TA = +25C -46
-48 0 400 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1200 1600
-55 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
TEMPERATURE (C)
MAX9933 OUT vs. INPUT POWER
MAX9930 toc34
MAX9933 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER
MAX9930 toc35
MAX9933 OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 OUT (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 TA = +85C TA = +25C TA = -40C -20 -10 0 10
MAX9930 toc36
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 OUT (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 900MHz 50MHz 2MHz 1.6GHz
MAX9930 toc30
1.8
MAX9930 toc28
4
29
29
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1.6GHz 2MHz 900MHz 50MHz
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
10
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
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7
2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930-MAX9933
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9933 MAX9933 MAX9933 OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 OUT (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = +85C TA = +25C TA = -40C
MAX9930 toc37
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) OUT (V) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 TA = -40C 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 TA = +85C TA = +25C
MAX9930 toc38
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) OUT (V) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 TA = +85C 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 TA = -40C TA = +25C
MAX9930 toc39
4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
0
10
0
10
INPUT POWER (dBm)
INPUT POWER (dBm)
MAX9933 LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX9930 toc40
MAX9933 LOG SLOPE vs. VCC
MAX9930 toc41
MAX9933 LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY
XMAX9930 toc42
29 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 26 25 TA = -40C 24 23 0 300 600 900 1200 1500
29 1.6GHz 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 26 25 24 23 22 2MHz 900MHz 50MHz
-52 -54 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -56 -58 -60 -62 -64 TA = +25C
TA = +85C TA = +25C
TA = -40C TA = +85C
1800
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0 VCC (V)
4.5
5.0
5.5
0
400
800 FREQUENCY (MHz)
1200
1600
FREQUENCY (MHz)
MAX9933 LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC
MAX9930 toc43
MAX9933 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX9930 toc44
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SHDN VOLTAGE
7 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VCC = 5.25V
MAX9930 toc45
-52 -54 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -56 -58 50MHz -60 -62 -64 -66 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 900MHz 2MHz
0.4 0.3 0.2 ERROR (dB) 0.1 0 -0.1
INPUT POWER = -22dBm fRF = 50MHz
8
1.6GHz -0.2 5.5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TEMPERATURE (C)
-1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 SHDN (V)
8
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2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
SHDN POWER-ON DELAY RESPONSE TIME
MAX9930 toc46
MAX9930-MAX9933
SHDN RESPONSE TIME
MAX9930 toc47
MAIN OUTPUT NOISE-SPECTRAL DENSITY
NOISE-SPECTRAL DENSITY (nV/Hz) MAX9933 CLPF = 220pF
MAX9930 toc48
CCLPF = 150pF SHDN 500mV/div 0V
10,000
CLPF = 150pF
SHDN 1V/div 0V
1000
OUT 1V/div 0V 2s/div
OUT 500mV/div 0V
100 2s/div 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz)
MAXIMUM OUT VOLTAGE vs. VCC BY LOAD CURRENT
MAX9930 toc49
LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX9930 toc50
SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE
MAX9930 toc51
5.5 5.0 4.5 OUT (V) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5mA 10mA 0mA
CCLPF = 10,000pF OUT 500mV/div OUT 75mV/div
CCLPF = 150pF
900mV
0V
fRF = 50MHz RFIN 250mV/div -42dBm -2dBm 5.5 10s/div -18dBm 1s/div RFIN 25mV/div
fRF = 50MHz
-24dBm
Pin Description
NAME FUNCTION
PIN MAX9930/ MAX9931/ MAX9932 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MAX9933 1 2 -- 4 3, 5 6 7 8
RFIN SHDN SET CLPF GND N.C. OUT VCC
RF Input Shutdown. Connect to VCC for normal operation. Set-Point Input Lowpass Filter Connection. Connect external capacitor between CLPF and GND to set control-loop bandwidth. Ground No Connection. Not internally connected. PA Gain-Control Output Supply Voltage. Bypass to GND with a 0.1F capacitor.
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9
2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930-MAX9933
Detailed Description
The MAX9930-MAX9933 family of logarithmic amplifiers (log amps) comprises four main amplifier/limiter stages each with a small-signal gain of 10dB. The output stage of each amplifier is applied to a full-wave rectifier (detector). A detector stage also precedes the first gain stage. In total, five detectors, each separated by 10dB, comprise the log amp strip. Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the log amps.
SHDN VCC
OUTPUTENABLED DELAY
gm DET DET DET DET DET
X1
OUT CLPF
RFIN 10dB OFFSET COMP GND 10dB 10dB 10dB REFERENCE CURRENT V-I* SET
MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932
SHDN VCC
OUTPUTENABLED DELAY
gm DET DET DET DET DET
X1
OUT CLPF
RFIN 10dB OFFSET COMP GND 10dB 10dB 10dB REFERENCE CURRENT V-I*
MAX9933
*INVERTING VOLTAGE TO CURRENT CONVERTER
Figure 1. Functional Diagram
10
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2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector
A portion of the PA output power is coupled to RFIN of the logarithmic amplifier controller/detector, and is applied to the logarithmic amplifier strip. Each detector cell outputs a rectified current and all cell currents are summed and form a logarithmic output. The detected output is applied to a high-gain gm stage, which is buffered and then applied to OUT. For the MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932, OUT is applied to the gain-control input of the PA to close the control loop. The voltage applied to SET determines the output power of the PA in the control loop. The voltage applied to SET relates to an input power level determined by the log amp detector characteristics. For the MAX9933, OUT is applied to an ADC typically found in a baseband IC which, in turn, controls the PA biasing with the output (Figure 2). Extrapolating a straight-line fit of the graph of SET vs. RFIN provides the logarithmic intercept. Logarithmic slope, the amount SET changes for each dB change of RF input, is generally independent of waveform or termination impedance. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 slope at low frequencies is about 25mV/dB. Variance in temperature and supply voltage does not alter the slope significantly as shown in the Typical Operating Characteristics. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 are specifically designed for use in PA control applications. In a control loop, the output starts at approximately 2.9V (with supply voltage of 3V) for the minimum input signal and falls to a value close to ground at the maximum input. With a portion of the PA output power coupled to RFIN, apply a voltage to SET (for the MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) and connect OUT to the gain-control pin of the PA to control its output power. An external capacitor from CLPF to ground sets the bandwidth of the PA control loop.
MAX9930-MAX9933
Transfer Function
Logarithmic slope and intercept determine the transfer function of the MAX9930-MAX9933 family of log amps. The change in SET voltage (OUT voltage for the MAX9933) per dB change in RF input defines the logarithmic slope. Therefore, a 10dB change in RF input results in a 250mV change at SET (OUT for the MAX9933). The Log Conformance vs. Input Power plots (see Typical Operating Characteristics) show the dynamic range of the log amp family. Dynamic range is the range for which the error remains within a band of 1dB. The intercept is defined as the point where the linear response, when extrapolated, intersects the y-axis of the Log Conformance vs. Input Power plot. Using these parameters, the input power can be calculated at any SET voltage level (OUT voltage level for the MAX9933) within the specified input range with the following equations: RFIN = (SET / SLOPE) + IP (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) RFIN = (OUT / SLOPE) + IP (MAX9933) where SET is the set-point voltage, OUT is the output voltage for the MAX9933, SLOPE is the logarithmic slope (V/dB), RFIN is in either dBm or dBV and IP is the logarithmic intercept point utilizing the same units as RFIN.
XX
PA
TRANSMITTER DAC
50
CC RFIN 50 SHDN GND CLPF CCLPF MAX9933 OUT N.C. GND VCC
VCC BASEBAND IC 0.01F
ADC
Figure 2. MAX9933 Typical Application Circuit
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11
2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930-MAX9933
Applications Information
Controller Mode (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932)
Figure 3 provides a circuit example of the MAX9930/ MAX9931/MAX9932 configured as a controller. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 require a 2.7V to 5.25V supply voltage. Place a 0.1F low-ESR, surface-mount ceramic capacitor close to VCC to decouple the supply. Electrically isolate the RF input from other pins (especially SET) to maximize performance at high frequencies (especially at the high-power levels of the MAX9932). The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 require external AC-coupling. Achieve 50 input matching by connecting a 50 resistor between the AC-coupling capacitor of RFIN and ground. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 logarithmic amplifiers function as both the detector and controller in power-control loops. Use a directional coupler to couple a portion of the PA's output power to the log amp's RF input. For applications requiring dual-mode operation and where there are two PAs and two directional couplers, passively combine the outputs of the directional couplers before applying to the log amp. Apply a setpoint voltage to SET from a controlling source (usually a DAC). OUT, which drives the automatic gain-control input of the PA, corrects any inequality between the RF input level and the corresponding set-point level. This is valid assuming the gain control of the variable gain element is positive, such that increasing OUT voltage increases gain. The OUT voltage can range from 150mV to within 250mV of the positive supply rail while sourcing 10mA. Use a suitable load resistor between OUT and GND for PA control inputs that source current. The Typical Operating Characteristics has the Maximum Out Voltage vs. VCC By Load Current graph that shows the sourcing capabilities and output swing of OUT.
SHDN and Power-On
The MAX9930-MAX9933 can be placed in shutdown by pulling SHDN to ground. Shutdown reduces supply current to typically 13A. A graph of SHDN Response Time is included in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Connect SHDN and VCC together for continuous on operation.
Power Convention
Expressing power in dBm, decibels above 1mW, is the most common convention in RF systems. Log amp input levels specified in terms of power are a result of the following common convention. Note that input power does not refer to power, but rather to input voltage relative to a 50 impedance. Use of dBV, decibels with respect to a 1V RMS sine wave, yields a less ambiguous result. The dBV convention has its own pitfalls in that log amp response is also dependent on waveform. A complex input, such as CDMA, does not have the exact same output response as the sinusoidal signal. The MAX9930-MAX9933 performance specifications are in both dBV and dBm, with equivalent dBm levels for a 50 environment. To convert dBV values into dBm in a 50 network, add 13dB. For CATV applications, to convert dBV values to dBm in a 75 network, add 11.25dB. Table 1 shows the different input power ranges in different conventions for the MAX9930-MAX9933.
ANTENNA
POWER AMPLIFIER RF INPUT
XX
50
CC RFIN MAX9930 SHDN MAX9931 MAX9932 SET CLPF CCLPF VCC VCC 0.1F
Table 1. Power Ranges of the MAX9930- MAX9933
INPUT POWER RANGE PART dBV -58 to -13 -48 to -3 -43 to +2 -58 to -13 dBm IN A 50 NETWORK -45 to 0 -35 to +10 -30 to +15 -45 to 0 dBm IN A 75 NETWORK -46.75 to -1.75 -36.75 to +8.25 -31.75 to +13.25 -46.75 to -1.75
OUT N.C. GND
DAC
MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9933
Figure 3. Control Mode Application Circuit Block
12
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2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector
Filter Capacitor and Transient Response
In general, for the MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932, the choice of filter capacitor only partially determines the time-domain response of a PA control loop. However, some simple conventions can be applied to affect transient response. A large filter capacitor, CCLPF, dominates time-domain response, but the loop bandwidth remains a factor of the PA gain-control range. The bandwidth is maximized at power outputs near the center of the PA's range, and minimized at the low and high power levels, where the slope of the gain-control curve is lowest. A smaller valued CCLPF results in an increased loop bandwidth inversely proportional to the capacitor value. Inherent phase lag in the PA's control path, usually caused by parasitics at OUT, ultimately results in the addition of complex poles in the AC loop equation. To avoid this secondary effect, experimentally determine the lowest usable CCLPF for the power amplifier of interest. This requires full consideration to the intricacies of the PA control function. The worst-case condition, where the PA output is smallest (gain function is steepest) should be used because the PA control function is typically nonlinear. An additional zero can be added to improve loop dynamics by placing a resistor in series with C CLPF . See Figure 4 for the gain and phase response for different CCLPF values. attenuation. A broadband resistive match is implemented by connecting a resistor to ground at the external AC-coupling capacitor at RFIN as shown in Figure 5. A 50 resistor (use other values for different input impedances) in this configuration, in parallel with the input impedance of the MAX9930-MAX9933, presents an input impedance of approximately 50. These devices require an additional external coupling capacitor in series with the RF input. As the operating frequency increases over 2GHz, input impedance is reduced, resulting in the need for a larger-valued shunt resistor. Use a Smith Chart for calculating the ideal shunt resistor value. Refer to the MAX4000/MAX4001/MAX4002 data sheet for narrowband reactive and series attenuation input coupling.
MAX9930-MAX9933
50 SOURCE 50 CC RFIN RS 50
MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9933
CIN
RIN
VCC
Additional Input Coupling
There are three common methods for input coupling: broadband resistive, narrowband reactive, and series
Figure 5. Broadband Resistive Matching
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
80 60 40 20 GAIN (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) CCLPF = 2000pF CCLPF = 200pF CCLPF = 200pF GAIN CCLPF = 2000pF
MAX9930 fig04
SMALL-SIGNAL BANDWIDTH vs. CCLPF
135 90 FREQUENCY (MHz) PHASE (DEGREES) 45 0 -45 -90 -135 1
MAX9930 fig04
180
10
0.1
PHASE
-180 0.01 100 1000 10,000 CCLPF (pF) 100,000
-225 10M 100M
Figure 4. Gain and Phase vs. Frequency
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13
2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930-MAX9933
Waveform Considerations
The MAX9930-MAX9933 family of logarithmic amplifiers respond to voltage, not power, even though input levels are specified in dBm. It is important to realize that input signals with identical RMS power but unique waveforms result in different log amp outputs. Differing signal waveforms result in either an upward or downward shift in the logarithmic intercept. However, the logarithmic slope remains the same; it is possible to compensate for known waveform shapes by baseband process. It must also be noted that the output waveform is generated by first rectifying and then averaging the input signal. This method should not be confused with RMS or peakdetection methods.
Block Diagram
SHDN VCC RFIN LOG DETECTOR gm BLOCK SET MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 GND V-I*
OUTPUTENABLE DELAY
x1 BUFFER
OUT
CCLPF
Layout Considerations
As with any RF circuit, the layout of the MAX9930- MAX9933 circuits affects performance. Use a short 50 line at the input with multiple ground vias along the length of the line. The input capacitor and resistor should both be placed as close as possible to the IC. VCC should be bypassed as close as possible to the IC with multiple vias connecting the capacitor to the ground plane. It is recommended that good RF components be chosen for the desired operating frequency range. Electrically isolate RF input from other pins (especially SET) to maximize performance at high frequencies (especially at the high power levels of the MAX9932).
OUTPUTENABLE DELAY LOG DETECTOR gm BLOCK x1 BUFFER OUT
SHDN VCC RFIN
MAX9933
V-I*
CCLPF
GND
Chip Information
PROCESS: High-Frequency Bipolar
*INVERTING VOLTAGE TO CURRENT CONVERTER.
14
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2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
8LUMAXD.EPS
MAX9930-MAX9933
4X S
8
8
INCHES DIM A A1 A2 b MIN 0.002 0.030 MAX 0.043 0.006 0.037
MILLIMETERS MAX MIN 0.05 0.75 1.10 0.15 0.95
O0.500.1
E
H
0.60.1
c D e E H L
1
1
0.60.1
S
D
BOTTOM VIEW
0.014 0.010 0.007 0.005 0.120 0.116 0.0256 BSC 0.120 0.116 0.198 0.188 0.026 0.016 6 0 0.0207 BSC
0.25 0.36 0.13 0.18 2.95 3.05 0.65 BSC 2.95 3.05 4.78 5.03 0.41 0.66 0 6 0.5250 BSC
TOP VIEW
A2
A1
A
c e b L
SIDE VIEW
FRONT VIEW
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 8L uMAX/uSOP
APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV.
21-0036
1 1
J
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 15
(c) 2007 Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
Heaney

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